Koopman early warning signals for bifurcation and rate-induced tipping

Excerpt

arXiv:2608.14716v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Abrupt transitions in complex systems are often preceded by early warning signals. However, most indicators rely on the notion of critical slowing down and do not generally extend to rate-induced tipping where transitions can occur without local loss of stability. This is problematic in stochastic, nonautonomous systems where internal variability and time-varying variables interact to shape tipping onset. We use Koopman operator theory to develop