Encoding of musical structures in hidden units of restricted Boltzmann machines

Excerpt

arXiv:2509.04899v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are energy-based models originating from statistical physics, in which hidden units mediate the probability distribution of high-dimensional visible configurations. In this study, we use symbolic music as a structured non-physical dataset and investigate how musical regularities are encoded in the hidden layer of a Bernoulli-Bernoulli RBM. Musical scores by J.~S.~Bach are converted into binary piano-ro