SoK: Formal Methods for Fact-Checking and Information Integrity

Excerpt

arXiv:2609.23239v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: An automated fact-checking system returns a label: the claim is true, or it is false. In many such systems the verdict remains the primary output. What is generally missing is a record of which document settled the question, of what would have had to be different for the verdict to change, or of whether the same claim, reworded, would have been judged the same way. We call the missing piece a warrant: a separate statement of what was guaranteed and