On the Relaxation of Conditional Independence Assumption for Image Segmentation

Excerpt

arXiv:2609.38930v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In semantic segmentation, a recent line of RankSEG methods directly optimizes Dice/IoU scores at inference time, improving alignment with evaluation metrics without modifying model training. Despite its theoretical and empirical success, RankSEG relies on the restrictive Conditional Independence Assumption (CIA), which ignores crucial label correlations and therefore degrades performance in ambiguous or low-contrast scenarios. However, accounting