Information Thermodynamics of Agents: The Work Capacity of Channels with Memory

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arXiv:2504.06209v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Predicting future observations plays a central role in machine learning, biology, economics, and many other fields. It lies at the heart of organizational principles such as the variational free energy principle and, based on the second law of thermodynamics, has even been shown to be necessary for reaching the fundamental energetic limits of information processing on a tape. While the usefulness of the predictive paradigm is undisputed, comple