Independent Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Counterfactual Semantic-Social World Models

Excerpt

arXiv:2610.07704v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fully decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), also referred to as independent learning, requires each agent to learn and act using only its local information and experience, without a centralized critic or inter-agent communication. Such a stringent information structure renders the conventional reward signal ambiguous. A poor return may result from an ineffective ego action, an incompatible teammate response, or an effective opp