WinoQueer-NL: Assessing Bias in Dutch Language Models toward LGBTQ+ Identities

Excerpt

arXiv:2609.02651v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While English language models have been widely examined for anti-queer bias, Dutch models remain understudied. To address this gap, we developed a culturally and linguistically adapted Dutch dataset based on the English WinoQueer benchmark, containing pairs of stereotypical and counter-stereotypical sentences. To validate and expand it, we conducted an online survey with 43 Dutch queer participants, confirming 145 of 171 stereotypes as cultural